Investigating Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid and Protein Oxidation with Na+/K+ATPase activity in Caprine Anaplasmosis

Abstract

Anaplasmosis, which is caused by the genus Anaplasma related to the family Anaplasmatacae in the order Rickettsiales, is an infectious disease that is seen in the mammals living in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Anaplasma ovis and A. phagocytophilum are the most remarkable species that cause anaplasmosis in goats. Anaplasmosis causes both cellular and humoral immunity. As animals gain long-term immunity to the disease, the disease is difficult to treat. Immunity is mainly due to circumcision. Increased osmotic brittleness of erythrocytes in animals infected with anaplasmosis has been found, and it has been reported that this can be mediated by many immune-mediated mechanisms, including oxidative damage. Moreover, it may also be associated with high cell membrane ATPase activity and erythrocyte morphological changes. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of anaplasmosis on erythrocyte membrane malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), Sodium-potassium adenosine 5’-triphosphatase (Na⁺/K⁺ATPase) and on hematological and biochemical parameters in goats. For this purpose, totally 45 male hear goat  (35 infected and 10 healthy) who were brought to the slaughterhouse of Van Metropolitan Municipality were used as materials. Hematological parameters in anticoagulant blood samples on blood cell counter and biochemical parameters in serum on modular autoanalyzer were measured using commercial kit. In addition, MDA and AOPP levels were determined in spectrophotometre by spectrophotometric methods and Na⁺/K⁺ATPase activity was determined in ELISA by using commercial ELISA kit in erythrocyte membrane. Results of hematological and biochemical analysis revealed that anaplasmosis infected goats, the levels of RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol and TIBC were decreased significantly, but the levels of WBC, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, iron with enzyme activities of AST, ALT, GGT were increased significantly. It was found that erythrocyte membrane MDA and AOPP levels increased significantly, while Na⁺/K⁺ATPase enzyme activity decreased in goats with anaplasmosis. Therefore, it can be concluded that oxidative stres to erythrocyte membrane may play an important role in the pathogenesis of anemia in goat anaplasmosis.